Regulator or public authority

Source-level attribution only. A precise supporting passage has not yet been recorded.

Source-level attribution only. A precise supporting passage has not yet been recorded.

Executive summary, para. xviii (p. 8)

Representation and coordination are said not to be enough: accountability requires implementation so that commitments translate into tangible outcomes, including capacity development, much of it at national and regional levels.

Scope note: An advisory body report representing a majority consensus of its members in their personal capacity. It is not a UN member-state decision. Page locators refer to the PDF's printed page numbers.

Passage checked 2026-09-06 · un-hlab-implementation

Executive summary, pp. 8–12

Denmark’s welfare agency runs dozens of fraud-detection models that, Amnesty finds, surveil benefit recipients at scale and risk disproportionately targeting marginalized groups; it calls for a pause until adequate evidence is provided.

Scope note: Affected-community and human-rights voice, based partly on interviews with benefit recipients. Danish authorities dispute parts of its findings.

Passage checked 2026-10-09 · amnesty-denmark-welfare

Global South findings: “Responsible AI governance is expanding but binding protections remain weak”; Equity

78% of responsible-AI framework cases in Global South countries are non-binding, against 42% in the Global North; average index scores are 27 and 55 respectively.

Scope note: Africa-led research index covering 135 countries and jurisdictions. Its scores reflect its own methodology.

Passage checked 2026-10-09 · girai-non-binding-gap

Press release

The FTC ordered seven companies offering companion-style chatbots to report how they measure, test and monitor negative effects on children and teens, limit young users’ exposure, and inform users and parents of risks.

Scope note: Announcement of Section 6(b) study orders to seven companies, issued by a 3–0 vote. These are information-gathering orders, not enforcement actions; no published result was found.

Passage checked 2026-10-18 · ftc-6b-scope

Chaptered text, operator duties

Operators must tell users a companion chatbot is AI where a person could think it human, keep and publish a protocol for suicide and self-harm content with crisis referrals, and for users known to be minors, remind them regularly that the bot is AI and to take breaks, and take measures against sexual content.

Scope note: Signed and filed on 13 October 2025. The official legislature site did not load, so the chaptered text was read on LegiScan. Its effective date (expected 1 January 2026 under California’s default rule) was not confirmed on an official page.

Passage checked 2026-10-18 · sb243-minor-duties

Press release

The Italian data-protection authority fined the operator of a companion chatbot €5 million, finding no legal basis for processing and no age verification despite the company saying minors were excluded.

Scope note: Regulator’s announcement of a €5 million GDPR fine decided on 10 April 2025, including findings on absent age verification. In Italian.

Passage checked 2026-10-18 · garante-replika-age

Media release

None of four companion services examined had robust age verification; industry codes now apply to companion chatbots, and two services changed access for under-18s in Australia after the notices.

Scope note: Regulator media release from 2026; the page shows no date. It reports transparency notices to four companion services and a survey of Australians aged 10–17.

Passage checked 2026-10-18 · esafety-companion-findings

Article 5(1)(b), via the Commission’s AI Act Service Desk

The Act prohibits AI systems that exploit vulnerabilities due to age, disability or social or economic situation to materially distort behaviour in a way that causes or is likely to cause significant harm; the prohibitions apply from 2 February 2025.

Scope note: Original 2024 enactment, not a consolidated current-law or applicability check. Records discuss its text, not whether a provision applies to a particular situation today.

Passage checked 2026-10-18 · eu-ai-act-art5-age